Steam-engine.



Pa tented Oct. 28 I902, P. PAULSEN.

STEAM ENGINE.

(Application filed Aug. 14, 1901.)

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' 'No. 7|2,U88. v Patented Oct. 28, I902.

P. PAULSEN.

STEAM ENGINE.

(Application filed Aug. 14, 1901.)

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No. 7l2,088.

Patented Oct. 28, 1902. P. PAUL-SEN.

STEAM ENGINE. (Application filed Aug. 14, 1901.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PEDER PAULSEN, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM- JENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 712,088, dated October 28, 1902. Application filed August 14.. 1901. Serial No. 71,985. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PEDERPAULSEN, a citizen of Norway, residing at Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Engines, of which improvements the following is a specification.

The invention described herein relates to certain improvements in valve mechanism for engines, such improvements being especially applicable to engines employed for the operation of rams, pumps, air-compressors, 850., where the work is performed during the movement of the piston in one direction, and has for its object a construction whereby the operation of the engine can be rendered automatic or intermittent, as desired.

The invention is hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hydraulic ram having my improvements applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the same on a plane coinciding with the axis of the cylinder. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan View on a plane indicated by the line III III, Fig. 2.. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on a plane indicated by the line IV. IV, Fig. 2. Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 are sectional detailed views on planes respectively indicated by the lines V V, VI VI, VII VII, and VIII VIII, Fig. 2.

While I have shown my invention as applied to the operation of ahydraulic ram, it will be readily understood by those skilledin the art that the improvement can be readily applied to engines employed for operating pumps, air-compressors, 850., and hence the invention described and claimed herein is not limited to any particular purpose or form of construction of-engine.

In the practice of myinvention as shown in I the drawings the piston 1 of the cylinders 2 it is desired to operate.

preferably of the piston-type, which in turn is adapted to be shifted by fluid-pressure, the flow of fluid-pressure to. the valve-chamber 6 being controlled byan auxiliary valve 7 of any suitable form or construction. The auxand supported by one or more bearings 9 and is adapted to be shifted reversely to the direction of movement of the piston by a lever 10. The lower end of this lever is slotted for 12, adjustably secured to a rod 13, which extends through a stu thug-box into the cylinder 2 and is connected to the piston 1. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in lieu of employing a rod 13 for the operation or shifting of the lever 10 the arm 12 may be connected to the piston-rod, as is customary in pumps. On thevalve-stem 8 is mounted a sleeve 14, which is connected by a link 15 stem are adjustably mounted tappets 16, against which the ends of the sleeve-14 will strike alternately as the piston reaches the ends of its movement, thereby shifting the auxiliary valve 7 so as to efiect a corresponding change of the main valve 5. For the purpose of preventing a sudden inrush of steam, whereby a quick violent movement of the valve 5 would be effected, and Without choking or limiting the free exhaust of steam from the valve-chamber 6 I provide small inletports 17, which are so arranged as to be uncovered bythe' valve 7 at the first part of its movement in either direction. Theseinextending from the valve-chamber 7 to the valve-chamber 6 at points a short distance away from the ends of said passages, where they connect with the chamber 7. -When these ports 17 will be opened first and simultaneously with the opening of the exhaustpassage 18, whereby steam is. allowed to escape from the opposite end of the chamber 6. The steam-supply pipe is connected to a distributing-chamber l9, which'is connected, re: spectively, to the chamber 7 by a port 20 and with the valve-chamber (Shy ports 21, as shown in Fig. 2, and an exhaust-port 22 exchamber 6, as shown in 5. From the valve-chamber 6 extend steam-ports 23 and iliary valve 7 has itsstem 8 extending out the reception of a pin 11, carried by an arm 1 to the upper end of the lever 10,'and on the let-ports connect with the main passages 18,

the valve 7 is moved by the lever 10, one of tends from the chamber 7 to the valve- 24, which connect with the main ports 25 and 26, extending to the ends of the cylinder 1. Exhaust or outlet ports 27 and 28 also connect the valve-chamber 6 with the passages 25 and 26, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The flow of steam through the inlet-port 23 to the non-working end of the cylinder, as it is conveniently termed, as the steam at that end serves mainly to effect the return stroke of the piston and parts operated thereby, is controlled not only by the main valve 5, but also by a hand-operated regulating-valve 29, as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, and 8, so that the flow of steam to the cylinder whereby the return or non-working stroke of the piston, can be reduced and regulated to prevent any violent or sudden movement of the piston when not loaded. The flow of steam through the ports or passages 24 and 26 to the opposite or working end of the cylinder, as it is conveniently termed, as the steam at such end performs the work required of the engine, is controlled not only by the main valve 5, but also by an auxiliary valve 30, which is automatically controlled, as hereinafter described. In the construction shown this valve consists of a cylindrical piece of metal having a portion cut away, so that in certain positions it will permit of the flow of steam past it, while in other positions it will completely close or block the passage 24. The outer end of this valve 30 is connected to a lever 31, one end of which is connected to an opcrating-rod 32, while the opposite end will serve as a handle whereby the valve may be operated by hand, as hereinafter described. The rod 32 passes through a sleeve 33, pivotally mounted on the lever 10 and adapted in its back-and-forth movement to strike against tappets 34 and 35, adjustably mounted on the rod 32. It will be observed that by employing independent ports or passages for the flow of steam from and into the valve-chamber 6 the adjustment of the valves 29 and 30 will not in any way affect the exhaust from the cylinder.

In describing the automatic operation of my improved engine it will be supposed that the valve 30, with its mechanism, is so adjusted as to cut off at half-stroke and that the piston 1 is moving in the direction of the arrow at, makinga working stroke. As shown in the drawings, the cut-ofi valve 30 has been shifted to cut oif the flow of steam to the lefthand or working end of the cylinder 1 in Fig. 2. As the piston continues its movement to the right in Fig. 2 or to the left in Fig. 1 the rod 32 will continue to move with the piston, and thereby continue the rotation of the valve 30; but ,this valve is so constructed that this continued movement after the piston has reached mid-position will not efiect any opening of the passage 24. As the piston 1 reaches the end of its stroke to the right in Fig. 2 the sleeve 14 will strike one of the tappets 16, and thereby shift the valve 7 so as to admit steam through the port 21 into the right-hand end of valve-chamber 6 in Fig. 2, and thereby shift the valve 5 so as to close the ports 24 and 27 and open the ports 23 and 28, whereby steam is permitted to flow through the port 23, past the valve 29, and through port 25 into the right-hand or non-working end of the cylinder in Fig. 2, and steam is allowed to freely escape through the ports 26 and 28 from the opposite or working end of the cylinder. During this return or non-working movement of the piston to the left in Fig. 2 the valves 5 and 30 will remain stationary, both closing the port 24, until the piston reaches the left-hand limit of its movement, whereupon the sleeve 33 will strike the tappet 34 and shift the valve 30 to open position. At or about the same time the sleeve 14 will strike one of the tappets 16 and shift the auxiliary valve 7 to the left-hand end of the valvechamber 6, thereby shifting the valve 5 to the right, and open the port 24 and the exhaustport 27. The movement of the valve 30 by the sleeve 33 will, if the valve mechanism is adjusted to cut 06 at half-stroke, be efiected at or immediately after the piston passes to the right beyond mid-position on its working stroke by the shifting of the lever so as to strike tappet 35.

When it is desired to operate the engine in one direction by hand-as, forinstance, when my improvement is applied to a shear mechanism--the valve 30 and its operating mechanism are so adjusted that said valve will be operated by the piston, and that to close the valve only during the return or non-working stroke of the piston. When this is desired, the tappet 35 is so adjusted along the rod 32 that the sleeve 33 will not during the outward or working stroke of the piston strike said tappet; but the tappet 34 is so adjusted as to be struck by the sleeve 33 at any time during the return movement of the piston. It will be understood that when thus operating the engine semi-automatically or automatically in only one direction the operation of the auxiliary valve 7 will not be changed or affected, but said valve will be operated at the ends of each stroke of the piston 1. When it is desired to produce the working stroke or movement of the piston to the right, the valve 30 will be opened by the manual operation of the lever 31.

I claim herein as my invention 1. The combination of a cylinder, a. piston, a main valve controlling the flow of steam to and from both ends of the cylinder, a valve controlling the flow of steam to the working end of the cylinder and automatically-oper ating mechanism for shifting said valve, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a cylinder, a piston, a main valve controlling the flow of steam to and from both ends of the cylinder, a valve controlling the flow of steam to the working end of the cylinder and automatically-operating mechanism for closing said valve, substantially as set forth.

with both endsof the cylinder, a main valve controlling the flow of steam to and from both ends of the cylinder, 2. hand-operated valve controlling the flow of steam to one endof the cylinder, a valve controlling the flow of steam to the opposite end of the cylinder and automatically-operating mechanism for shifting said valve, substantially asset forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

PEDER PAULSEN.

Witnesses:

DARWIN S. WOLCOTT, F. E, GAITHER. 

